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Useful Legislation
A new Equality Act came into force on 1 October 2010. The Equality Act brings together over 116 separate pieces of legislation into one single Act. Combined, they make up a new Act that provides a legal framework to protect the rights of individuals and advance equality of opportunity for all.
The Act simplifies, strengthens and harmonises the current legislation to provide Britain with a new discrimination law which protects individuals from unfair treatment and promotes a fair and more equal society.
There are nine protected characteristics covered in the act these are outlined as follows:
Age refers to either a person that belongs to a particular age, such as 49 year olds, or a range of ages, such as 12 to 18 year olds or over 65s.
Disability refers to someone who has a physical, sensory or learning impairment which is long term and has an adverse effect on their ability to carry out normal day to day activities. This also includes people with progressive or degenerative illnesses such as cancer, HIV and MS.
Race includes colour, nationality, and ethnic or national origin.
Religion refers to people who belong to a major world religion such as Christianity, Judaism or Islam, and also people who belong to smaller religions or denominations, such as Rastafarianism or Methodism. Religion also includes people who do not identify with any particular religion, and also includes philosophical belief, such as atheism. Belief refers to any religious or philosophical belief that affects a person's life choices or the way they live.
Sex refers to either a man or a woman.
Sexual orientation refers to someone's attraction to a person of the same sex, opposite sex, or both sexes. People who are attracted only to persons of the opposite sex are known as heterosexual or straight. People who don't identify as heterosexual or straight might describe themselves as being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender, or use the umbrella term LGBT.
Gender reassignment refers to people who propose to undergo, are undergoing or have undergone a process of gender reassignment. The umbrella term for this group is Trans or Transgender, which encompasses a wide range of people whose personal experience of their gender is different from what society might expect. This includes terms such as transsexual, transvestite and cross-dressing people. Transphobia is the term used to describe hatred or prejudice towards Trans people. Trans people can be lesbian, gay, bisexual or heterosexual.
Marriage and civil partnership refers to people who have entered into a marriage or a civil partnership.
Pregnancy refers to the condition of being pregnant or expecting a baby, and maternity refers to the period of 26 weeks after birth. The Equality Act 2010 protections also cover a woman who has had a miscarriage.
Further details on all of the above protected characteristics and the Equality Act please click here.
Disability Discrimination Act (2005) (1995)
The Disability Discrimination Amendment Act (DDA) 2005 amends the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. It widens the definition of disability and introduces a general duty to promote disability equality for public sector bodies.
The definition of a disability under the DDA 2005 is: A person has a disability if s/he has a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.